Door pivots



Nov. 18, 1969 M. v. BROOKS DOOR PIVOTS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 1, 1967 FIG. I

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United States Patent 3,478,383 DOOR PIVOTS Marvin V. Brooks, Kokomo, Ind., assignor to PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed May 1, 1967, Ser. No. 635,154 Int. Cl. E05d 7/08 US. Cl. 16151 17 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A non-handed offset pivot assembly for tubular doors Background of the invention This invention relates to offset pivots for doors and, more specifically, to non-handed offset pivots for use with tubular aluminum entrance doors comprised of a panel, such as a glass panel, set in a framework of extruded tubular panel-framing members. In particular, the present invention relates to a non-handed, offset pivot assembly, e.g., an offset pivot assembly that permits selectively mounting its component parts on a tubular entrance door and a surrounding tubular door frame to accommodate any desired hand and swing for the door.

Prior to the present invention, it was essential, in ordering an offset pivot for a tubular door from either a hinge or a door manufacturer, to specify the desired hand of the pivot, e.g., left-hand if the door was to open toward a person facing the door, from his left side, and right-hand if the door was to open toward said person, from his right side. The reason for specifying the desired hand of the pivot was that known prior art offset pivots, and, in particular, those pivot parts that were mounted directly on the door, generally included an integral mounting portion that extended laterally from the main body portion of the pivot member. In the case of door pivot parts, this main body portion included a pivot portion and a portion that extended inwardly therefrom into the hollow of the associated tubular hinge stile. The integral mounting portion, that extended laterally from said main body portion, was provided to bridge the hollow in the tubular hinge stile member and thereby permit securing the door pivot part or pivot member to a rigid body portion on the adjacent tubular rail member. Thus, known prior art door pivot members were generally L-shaped in plan, as shown in U.S. Patent No. 1,560,255 and US. Patent No. 2,987,755. As will be apparent, this L-shaped configuration handed the pivot since, obviously, for a fixed orientation of the pivot portion and a particular desired swing, the laterally extending mounting portion or foot of the L-shaped pivot part must extend to one side of the main body portion or leg of the pivot part for a right-hand pivoted door and to the opposite side thereof for a left-hand pivoted door in order to secure the door pivot part to the adjacent tubular rail member.

In addition to the foregoing, the pivot parts or pivot members mounted on or fixed relative to the header and the threshold or fioor of a framed opening were also frequently handed in one form or another to accommodate a particular desired mode of attachment of these pivot parts to associated framing members. Accordingly, it frequently "ice occurred that the entire offset pivot set was completely handed as a result of being made with a view towards accommodating only one particular desired hand. Moreover, other problems or restrictions imposed by known prior art offset pivot structure included the presence of a pivot mounting arrangement that was inherently weak due to securing pivot parts at a substantial distance from the pivot axis of the door, as measured along the body of the pivot member, and due to reliance on the strength of relatively thin metal sections for the purpose of securing the pivot parts thereto.

Furthermore, prior art offset pivot structures frequently resulted in unduly limiting flexibility in the design of the door, the result being that custom offset pivot sets were often required for many desired door structures. In the case of offset pivoted doors, the precise location of the pivot axis is generally standardized throughout the industry and the relative vertical spacing of respective offset pivot parts comprising either an upper or a lower pair is, to a large extent, restricted. Thus, it was essential in the prior art to either restrict the design of the tubular door members and door framing members, and, in particular, the tubular rail members, to accommodate the mounting requirements of the offset pivots available or produce a custom offset pivot that met the mounting requirements imposed by the desired design of these tubular members.

Summary of the invention The novel offset pivot or offset pivot assembly of the present invention is constructed to overcome the foregoing deficiencies of the prior art. Specifically, by reason of eliminating or avoiding all of the pivot mounting restrictions imposed by the prior art, the present invention provides a non-handed offset pivot that can be used for any desired hand and swing and that inherently provides a structurally strong mounting arrangement. Furthermore, by eliminating the pivot mounting restrictions of the prior art, the novel offset pivot of this invention not only enhances the versatility of the use of the door but also substantially increases flexibility in the use and design of the upper and lower rail members forming a part of the door.

The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the present invention become more apparent when reference is had to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are generally used to designate like parts throughout the same, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a broken elevational view illustrating a portion of a frame and a door pivotally secured by offset pivot members thereto;

FIG. 2 is an exploded detailed view of the preferred embodiment of the upper offset pivot pair of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded detailed view of a preferred lower offset pivot pair of the present invention when a threshold is used; and

FIG. 4'is an exploded detailed view of a modified lower offset pivot pair of this invention when a threshold is not used.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a portion of a tubular door 10 pivotally mounted to a rigid door frame 12 by an offset pivot or hinge set comprising upper offset pivot 14 and lower offset pivot 16. The door 10 is comprised of a pair of vertical tubular stile members 18 (the hinge stile of which is shown), a top or upper tubular rail member 20, a bottom or lower tubular rail member 22 and a panel 24, such as a glass panel. The door 10 is mounted within a framed opening defined by a tubular header 26, a pair of tubular jamb members 28 (the hinge stile jamb member of which is shown), and either a threshold 30 or a portion of floor 32. The members 26 and 28 may define a portion of a grid-type framework in a curtain wall structure, or may merely comprise framing members utilized to provide a framed opening in a masonary wall or the like.

As best shown in FIG. 2, the upper offset pivot 14 comprises a pair of pivot members or pivot parts 34 and 36, which respectively provide the header pivot member and the upper pivot member of the adjacent door stile, i.e., hinge stile 18. Header pivot member 34 and the upper pivot member 36 of stile 18 are adapted to be pivotally joined together by a pin 38. As indicated in FIG. 2, the pin 38 is secured within a blind recess (not shown) in upper pivot member 36, as by an interference fit, and projects into a sleeve bearing 40 received in a blind recess 41 in the header pivot member 34.

The header pivot member 34 comprises a pivot portion 42 extending outwardly of one face of rectangular tubular header 26 and a mounting portion 44 extending intwardly thereof into the header and slidingly received in a yoke portion 46 of the combination header-header pivot mounting clip 48. The mounting portion 44 comprises a flat plate integral with pivot portion 42. As will be noted, the flat plate has no lateral extensions therefrom that would cause the pivot member to be handed. By specifically constructing the mounting portion of the pivot such that in its normal position no position thereof extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the adjacent vertical framing member, there is inherently provided a non-handed pivot part. A non-handed pivot part must have no portion thereof that would preclude utilizing the pivot part for either left-handed or right-handed doors. In this connection, it will be appreciated that lateral extensions from the mounting portion of the pivot that extend beyond the member with which it is joined may, in the case of frame pivots, prevent properly joining the framing members together and would, in the case of door pivots, prevent assembling and operating the door within the framed opening because of interference with the adjacent jamb member.

The mounting portion 44 has one or more apertures 50, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of recess 41. Correspondingly located apertures 52 are provided in the lower flange 54 of C-shaped clip member 48, which is provided with additional flanges 56 and 58 that provide a yoke for slidingly receiving and securely retaining the mounting portion 44 of header pivot member 34. Additional apertures 60 are provided in the web portion of C-shaped clip member 48 for the purpose of securely mounting the clip, as by means of screw fasteners (not shown), to the adjacent vertical framing member or jamb member 28. The mounting portion 44, when the pivot is assembled, projects through aperture 62 in the face 64 of the header member 26. The flat plate mounting portion 44 has a thickness less than the pivot portion 42, and thereby the latter portion provides a shoulder 66 adapted to abut against the face 64 of the header member 26. Spacers (not shown) may be used between the shoulder 66 and the face 64, if necessary, to precisely locate the axis of recess 41, i.e., the pivot axis of the door. The header pivot is secured by fasterners, such as screw fasteners 68, which project through apertures 70 in the lower wall of the header, then through apertures 50 in pivot member 34 and are threadably received in apertures 52 in clip member 48.

As is further shown in FIG. 2, the upper pivot part 36 afiixed to the door has a pivot portion 75 and a mounting portion 76 and is substantially identical in structure to the header pivot part 34 only in reverse or inverted disposition relative to the shown disposition of the header pivot part. Associated with the door pivot part for the purpose of mounting said pivot part to the upper end of vertical stile 18 is a bracket member 72. Bracket member 72 is a substantially I-shaped channel member having a web and a pair of flanges. On the lateral edges of one flange thereof and integrally formed therewith are opposed, parallel, L-shaped flanges 74 that provide a yoke for slidingly receiving and securely retaining the platelike mounting portion 76 of pivot part 36. Threaded apertures (not shown) are provided in said one flange of bracket member 72 in corresponding relation to apertures 77 in pivot part 36, such that the pivot part 36 and the bracket 72 can be secured together, as by means of threaded screw fasteners 78.

In addition, threaded apertures 80 extend laterally through the enlarged flange portions 82 of I-shaped bracket 72 and are located in corresponding relation to apertures 84 in the edge portion of vertical tubular stile member 18. Screw fasteners 86 are received in apertures 84 and threaded apertures 80 to securely fasten bracket member 72 to the stile. A square-cut notch 88 is provided in the face and edge of stile member 18 to receive hinge part 76 and to permit recessing the upper portions of both the hinge part and the bracket member 72 below the upper edge of the door. Additionally, bracket member 72 is provided with small flange 90 that flange over the edge or web portion of stile member 18, thereby providing greater structural rigidity for both the bracket member and the associated hinge part.

As further shown in FIG. 2, stile member 18 is provided with grooves 92 that receive corresponding flanges 94 on an edge strip 96. Edge strip 96 is utilized to cover fastening members in the edge of the door and to provide the desired edge contour. Also, it will be apparent from FIG. 2 that I-shaped bracket member 72 is symmetrical about a vertical plane through its center and parallel to its web portion 98. As thus constructed, bracket member 72 may be readily used on either side of the door or in relation to either face of the door. Also, regardless of where pivot part 76 and bracket member 72 are mounted in order to obtain the desired hand and swing, neither has any lateral extension forming a part thereof that would preclude joining top rail member 20 to vertical stile member 18 or that would interfere with mounting or operating the door within a framed opening. By specifically constructing the mounting portion 76 of pivot part 36 such that in its normal position no portion thereof extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the nearest adjacent portion of the door edge, there is inherently provided a non-handed pivot part.

As shown in FIG. 3, the lower offset pivot 16 comprises a pair of pivot members or pivot parts 100 and 102, which, respectively, provide the lower pivot member of the hinge stile 18 and the threshold pivot member. Lower pivot member 100 has a pivot portion 104 and a platelike mounting portion 106. As will be apparent by reference to FIG. 2, the lower pivot member 100 of the hinge stile 18 and its mounting bracket 72 comprise essentially a reverse or inverted arrangement of the upper pivot member 36 and its mounting bracket 72. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the notching of the lower end of the hinge stile 18 and the mode of attachment of the lower pivot member 100 and its bracket 72 thereto are the same as mentioned hereinabove in connection with the upper pivot member 36. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the mounting portion 106 of pivot member 100 is specifically constructed such that in its normal position no portion thereof extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the nearest adjacent portion of the door edge, to thereby provide a non-handed pivot part. Thus, the only difference in the aforementioned door pivot assemblies has relation to the type of bearing and the pivot pin member employed with the upper pivot 14 and the lower pivot 16.

In the upper pivot 14, a pin 38 is secured to upper pivot member 36 and projects into a sleeve bearing 40 received in a blind recess 41 in the header pivot member 34. In the lower pivot 16, there is also provided a recess (not shown) in the lower face 108 of pivot portion 104 of lower pivot member 100. However, in this instance, there is employed a thrust bearing member 110, such as a roller bearing. Within this blind recess and on either side of the thrust bearing member, there are placed washers 112 to provide wear and bearing surfaces for the bearing member 110. In addition, a felt washer 114 is provided at the mouth of the recess to provide a dust seal.

The thrust bearing member 110 and washers 112 and 114 are received on adjustable pivot pin 116, which has a reduced cylindrical portion 118 providing a shoulder 120 thereon for the purpose of supporting the bearing and washer assembly. Adjustable pivot pin 116 has a threaded portion 122 that is threadably received in a threaded aperture 124 in the upper face of pivot portion 126 of the threshold pivot member 102. The adjustable pivot pin is also provided with a series of annular or radial apertures 128 for the purpose of raising or lowering the pin and, accordingly, the door, with respect to the threshold pivot part 102. A suitable tool (not shown) may be provided for this purpose. Set screw 130 is received in threaded aperture 132 in the threshold pivot part 126 to lock the pin 116 in position once the desired adjustment is achieved.

As will be apparent, threshold pivot member 102 comprises a pivot portion 126 and an integral mounting portion 134 with a shoulder 136 provided therebetween. The mounting portion 134, like the mounting portion on all of the previously disclosed pivot members, comprises a flat, plate-like structure. Mounting portion 134 has one or more apertures 138, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of threaded aperture 124. correspondingly located apertures are provided in the threshold 30 and the horizontal flange or foot 140 of L-shaped threshold or floor clip member 142 for the purpose of securing these members together by means of screw fasteners 144 and a masonry anchor 146. L-shaped clip member 142 is provided with additional flanges 148 and 150 that provide a yoke for slidingly receiving and securely retaining the mounting portion 134 of threshold pivot member 102. Additional apertures 152 are provided in the vertical flange or leg 154 of L-shaped clip member 142 for the purpose of securely mounting the clip, as by means of screw fasteners (not shown), to the inner facing surface of adjacent vertical framing member or jamb member 28. The horizontal flange or foot 140' of clip 142, when the threshold pivot member is assembled, projects through aperture 156 in the lower end of jamb member 28 and extends between threshold member 30 and the mounting portion 134 of threshold pivot member 102. Furthermore, mounting portion 134 is specifically constructed such that in its normal position no portion thereof extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the adjacent vertical framing member 28, to thereby inherently provide a non-handed pivot part.

A modification or exception to the foregoing pivot structure is illustrated in FIG. 4 in connection with a floor pivot member 158 for use when a threshold is not provided between jamb members 28. In this modified structure, there is employed, in lieu of the threshold pivot member 102 and the threshold or frame clip 142, shown in FIG. 3, a floor pivot member 158 and a frame clip 160. Frame clip 160 is constructed to be non-handed and, in the embodiment shown, is composed of vertical flange 162 and a pair of horizontal flanges 164 (a portion of one of which is shown). Horizontal flanges 164 are suitably constructed and arranged to fit within grooves 166 formed as a result of recessing a center portion 168 of the jamb surface of jamb member 28. Vertical flange 162 is provided with apertures 170 that align with apertures 172 in jamb member 28 and thereby permit joining frame clip interiorly of jamb member 28 by means of screw fasteners 174.

Floor pivot member 158 comprises a pivot portion 176 and a mounting portion 178. In the installed position of the floor pivot member, the lower surface of plate-like mounting portion 178 rests on the upper surface of one horizontal flange 164 of clip 160 and is joined thereto and to the floor 32 by means of screw fasteners 180 and anchors 182 being received in apertures 184 and apertures 186 provided, respectively, in the mounting portion 178 of floor pivot member 158 and horizontal flange 164 of clip 160. A square-cut notch 181 is provided in the face and edge of jamb member 28 for the purpose of inserting mounting portion 178 of floor pivot member 158 therewithin.

As in the case of threshold pivot member 102, a pivot portion 176 of floor pivot member 158 is provided with a threaded aperture 188 for the purpose of threadably receiving adjustable pivot pin 116. Unlike threshold pivot member 102, however, floor pivot member 158 has a mounting portion 178 which, as shown, has portions thereof that extend laterally to the right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the adjacent vertical framing member or jamb member 28. As thus arranged, floor pivot member 158 has to be more lirnitedly constructed, in order to be non-handed, than is the case with inherently nonhanded threshold pivot member 102. This can be accomplished, however, by constructing floor pivot member 158 such that the upper and lower halves thereof taken about a. horizontal plane through the center or thickness of member 158 are essentially identical and symmetrical about said plane. As thus constructed, it would be possible to invert or reverse this pivot member, and thus use this member in the same manner that use is made of inherently non-handed threshold pivot member 102.

It will also be appreciated that the foregoing structural considerations are generally applicable with respect to the header pivot member 34 since, in both cases, nonhanded reversibility is not contingent upon the member being used directly on an operating member, such as a door. However, with a header pivot member it would undoubtedly be desirable to provide some means for concealing exposed portions that are essential for symmetry, and thus reversibility, but are not being used. Also, the shape or contour of the exposed body or pivot portion of the member would be greatly restricted. In the case of a floor pivot member, such considerations are not generally important because substantially all of the pivot member is concealed from view by its companion door pivot member. Notwithstanding the above, as far as is known, only inherently non-handed pivot members such as those disclosed in connection With FIGS. 1-3 can be used directly on a door in practicing the non-handed reversibility contemplated by this invention.

While the present invention has been described with reference to specific details of certain embodiments ,it is not intended that such details shall be regarded as limitations upon the scope of the invention, except insofar as included in the accompanying claims.

I claim:

1. A door assembly comprising a tubular door having a top rail, a bottom rail and a pair of stile members mounted within an opening defined by a tubular door frame having a header and a pair of jambs fixed with respect to a floor, and wherein said tubular door is pivotally secured with respect to said tubular door frame and said opening by an offset pivot hinge set having a pair of upper offset pivot members and a pair of lower offset pivot members with pivot axes in vertical alignment, said pair of upper offset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said header and the other said pivot member thereof secured with respect to the upper end of one tubular stile member, said pair of lower ofiset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said floor and the other said pivot member thereof secured with respect to the lower end of said one tubular stile member, a bracket member mounted within said one tubular stile member and removably secured by fastening means thereto, and at least one of said pivot members secured with respect to said one tubular stile member being separable and removably secured by fastening means to said bracket member.

2. The door assembly of claim 1 wherein a pair of bracket members are mounted within said one tubular stile member and removably secured by fastening means thereto and said pivot members secured with respect to said one tubular stile member are secured to respective ones of said pair of bracket members.

3. The door assembly of claim 2 wherein said pivot members secured with respect to said one tubular stile member and also secured to respective ones of said pair of bracket members are each separable and removably secured by fastening means to said bracket members.

4. The door assembly of claim 3 wherein said pivot member secured with respect to said header is removably secured by fastening means thereto and said pivot member secured with respect to said floor is removably secured by fastening means thereto.

5. The door assembly of claim 4 wherein each said pivot member secured wtih respect to said one tubular stile member is non-handed and comprises a pivot portion extending outwardly of one face of said one tubular stile member and a mounting portion extending inwardly thereof, and wherein said mounting portion extending inwardly thereof, in its normal position, has no portion that extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the nearest adjacent portion of the door edge.

6. The door assembly of claim 5 wherein a header clip member is mounted within said tubular header and removably secured by fastening means with respect thereto, said header pivot member is secured by fastening means to said header clip member, a floor clip member is removably secured by fastening means with respect to said floor, and said floor pivot member is secured by fastening means to said floor clip member.

7. The door assembly of claim 6 wherein said header pivot member is removably secured to said header clip member and said floor pivot member is removably secured to said floor clip member.

8. The door assembly of claim 7 wherein said clip members and said bracket members each have portions thereof that form a yoke about said inwardly extending portions of respective ones of said pivot members.

9. A door assembly comprising a tubular door having a top rail, a bottom rail and a pair of stile members mounted within an opening defined by a tubular door frame having a header and a pair of jambs fixed with respect to a floor, and wherein said tubular door is pivotally secured with respect to said tubular door frame and said opening by an offset pivot hinge set having a pair of upper offset pivot members and a pair of lower offset pivot members with pivot axes in vertical alignment, said upper and lower pairs of pivot members each having one said pivot member thereof secured to a bracket which is mounted within one of said stile members and affixed thereto, and removable fastening means for selectively mounting each of said pivot members secured to a bracket member with respect to the left side, the right side, the inside and the outside of said door.

10. The door assembly of claim 9 which further includes pivot means interposed between each of said pairs of pivot members to permit relative pivotal movement of one pivot member of each pair with respect to the other, said pivot means being received in a blind recess in at least one of said pivot members of each of said pairs of pivot members.

11. A door assembly comprising a tubular door having a top rail, 21 bottom rail and a pair of stile members mounted within an opening defined by a tubular door frame having a header and a pair of jambs fixed with respect to a floor, and wherein said tubular door is pivotally secured with respect to said tubular door frame and said opening by an offset pivot hinge set having a pair of upper offset pivot members and a pair of lower offset pivot members with pivot axes in vertical alignment, said pair of upper offset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said header and the other said pivot member thereof secured to the upper end of one tubular stile member, said pair of lower offset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said floor and the other said pivot member thereof secured to the lower end of said one tubular stile member, and pivot mounting means for selectively mounting said pivot members secured to said one tubular stile member to the inside face of said one tubular stile member, the outside face of said one tubular stile member, the inside face of the other tubular stile member and the outside face of the other tubular stile member.

12. A door assembly comprising a tubular door having a top rail, a bottom rail and a pair of stile members mounted within an opening defined by a tubular door frame having a header and a pair of jambs fixed with respect to a floor, and wherein said tubular door is pivotally secured with respect to said tubular door frame and said opening by an offset pivot hinge set having a pair of upper offset pivot members and a pair of lower offset pivot members with pivot axes in vertical alignment, said pair of upper offset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said header and the other said pivot member thereof secured with respect to the upper end of one tubular stile member, said pair of lower offset pivot members having one said pivot member thereof secured with respect to said floor and the other said pivot member thereof secured with respect to the lower end of said one tubular stile member, a bracket member mounted within said one tubular stile member and secured by fastening means thereto, and at least one of said pivot members secured with respect to said one tubular stile member being removably secured by fastening members to said bracket member and having a pivot portion extending outwardly of one face of said tubular stile member and a mounting portion extending inwardly thereof, and wherein said mounting portion extending inwardly thereof is non-handed and, in its normal position, has no portion that extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the nearest adjacent portion of the door edge.

13. The door assembly of claim 12 wherein a pair of bracket members are mounted within said one tubular stile member and secured by fastening means thereto and said pivot members secured with respect to said one tubular stile member are removably secured to respective ones of said pair of bracket members, and wherein both said pivot members have a pivot portion extending outwardly of one face of said tubular stile member and a mounting portion extending inwardly thereof, and wherein said mounting portion extending inwardly thereof is nonhanded and, in its normal position, has no portion that extends laterally either to the left or right of the pivot axis a distance greater than the perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to the nearest adjacent portion of the door edge.

14. The door assembly of claim 13 wherein said pivot member secured with respect to said header is removably secured by fastening means thereto and said pivot member secured with respect to said floor is removably secured by fastening means thereto.

15. The door assembly of claim 14 wherein a header clip member is mounted within said tubular header and removably secured by fastening means with respect thereto, said header pivot member is removably secured by fastening means to said header clip member, a floor clip member is removably secured by fastening means with respect to said floor, and said floor pivot member is removably secured by fastening means to said floor clip member.

16. The door assembly of claim 15 wherein said clip members and said bracket members each have portions thereof that form a yoke about said inwardly extending portions of respective ones of said pivot members.

17. The door assembly of claim v16 wherein said pair of upper offset pivot members and said pair of lower offset pivot members each include bearing means to permit relative pivotal movement of one member of said pair with respect to the other member of said pair, said bearing means permitting relative pivotal movement of said pair of lower pivot members comprising a vertically adjustable roller bearing member interposed between said lower pivot members and projecting into a recess in the lower face of the pivot member secured to the door stile, 'said bearing member being mounted on a stud having a threaded portion threaded into a threaded aperture in the upper face of the 'pivot member secured to the floor.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,923,036 2/1960 Beyrle 16151XR BOBBY R. GAY, Primary Examiner D. L. TROUTMAN, Assistant Examiner 

